Ten Key Qualities of Law Enforcement Leaders Essay

Ten Key Qualities of Law Enforcement Leaders - Essay Example A great many people who call themselves pioneers go about as managers as opposed to being pioneers. A supervisor will provide orders while a genuine pioneer offers directions to an undertaking and demonstrates the best approach to do it. Compelling administration should be combined with acceptable arranging and investment. A decent pioneer ought coordinate the errand as well as ought to go further to taking an interest in the action. Pioneers ought to comprehend that initiative isn't tied in with ingraining trepidation to the subjects but instead great administration ought to impart eagerness. Undoubtedly, powerful Leadership must deliver inspiration to the subjects. Gonzalez shows that pioneers are skilled to make eagerness and genuine pride in achieving a reason. In signifying motivation, some make customary references to the consideration and prosperity of subordinates. In reality, incredible pioneers watch over their laborers. Powerful pioneers figure out how to set a model; they own an undeniable compassion toward others; are not hesitant to concede responsibility; and psyche about the individuals they lead. Genuine pioneers promptly assume liability for every one of their activities and never dread possessing up their deeds. Obligation additionally implies facing challenges of everything that they do. On a very basic level, powerful pioneers rush to acknowledge the slip-ups that they make in their course of activities. Pioneers should grasp the possibility of responsibility and acknowledge punishments at whatever point they come up short and are held liable. Moreover, a feeling of conviction plagues the considerations of compelling pioneers . This empowers them to get things through and to disregard from dread of committing errors. One certainty that successful pioneers acknowledge is that errors are a part of the activity they do. Essentially, pioneers for the most part beat the chances, paying little mind to having various obstacles (Gonzalez 2). Great pioneers have a high self-esteem and confidence. These assistance them to persuade the individuals they lead since they (subjects) consistently view their pioneer.

Holden Caulfield

Holden Caulfield-the Thinking Man Essay TheThinking ManThe Catcher In The RyeMargaret Atwood once portrayed thethinking man as on who opposes, accepts endurance is a need, is isolatedand estranged, and who knows about the components that make ones mind andphysical being vanish. Atwoods thinking individual is shown in HoldenCaulfield using character, plot, imagery. To start with,the thinking individual is depicted through Holden Caulfields character. Oneof the qualities of Atwoods thinking individual is one of being isolatedand distanced. Holden is a desolate character. A model that shows thisis his immediate reference to David Copperfield in the main section of thenovel when he says and all that David Copperfield sort of crap.(pg.1)When David Copperfield was a youngster he was distanced from his mom, and wasvery forlorn. This focuses to the way that Holden had a forlorn childhoodand, similar to David Copperfield, his blamelessness also. Like the thinkingperson Holden knew about the components that make ones being vanish. Thissegment of Holdens character is helped by imagery. For Holden, it was toolate to prevent himself from entering adulthood, a realm he opposed entering,a realm he saw with disturb. Hence he needed to help otherchildren, and spare them from vanishing over the edge of the rye fieldtoo, to protect their guiltlessness and to spa re them from the feared adulthood. Likewise, Holden had opposed one of the elements driving towards the misfortune ofhis honesty; losing his virginity. He had many open doors tolose his virginityhe verged on doing it several timesshekeeps advising him to stop, and he stops. This not just shows that hedoesnt need to lose his virtue, yet that he thinks about the young ladies innocencetoo, and doesn't need her to lose it. Next, Catcher In The Rye utilizes plotto make the reasoning individual. Holden Caulfield has a profound battle withinhimself. He needs to be sure, and her needs to work with and for the positive,and yet he is consistently attracted to the negative parts of life. In one scenehe is at a food quit eating, when two nuns approach him. Despite the fact that theydidnt request cash, Holden gives $10 from his quick draining assets. Nevertheless,he is attracted to the negative parts of life as well. He employs whores, hegets into battles, and he become frightfully over-inebriated. Another exampleof the positive/negative battle is one managing his adoration life. Holdenis continually thinking about his incredible Jane Gallagher (referenced unbelievable becausethroughout the course of the novel, the peruser never meets up close and personal withJane, yet just hears noise data about her), and his fingers are alwaysitching to telephone her and request that her social affair with him. On the other hand he ispulled to the negative: Sally Hayes. Sally is one of the abhorred fakes whoabound in the grown-up world. Sadly for him, Holden in ceaselessly caughtin this battle. Another piece of the plot that shows Holden as thethinking man is his consistent job as the screw-up, where he experiencesa destruction. There are a few circumstances, such as getting whipped by Stradlateror Maurice, where Holden is set down. Another circumstance of his ruin wouldbe where he nearly murders himself by falling into the Central Park tidal pond. However through everything Holden remains (fairly) solid, and gets through. Inthat way, the plot is make through so that Holden turns into a survivor like ananti-legend; like the reasoning individual. To wrap things up is the manner by which CatcherIn The Rye utilizes imagery to make the reasoning individual. In the situationof the feared Fuck Yous on the dividers of the grade school, Holden triesto eradicate the profanation, with the expectation that he will spare the kids (and in a wayhimself), from the abhorrences and roughness of the outside world. This showshow, similar to the reasoning individual, he opposes the defiled gen uine world.Thesymbolism of Holdens fall is broadly utilized all through the novel. In placessuch as the tidal pond, the Pencey flight of stairs, and even the New York Streets, Holdenis truly and intellectually falling. Particularly on account of the New YorksFifth Avenue. Each progression Holden makes down the control he figured he would justgo down, down, down, and nobodyd see him again.(pg.199) The exacting fallin this case is little, however the psychological one is very huge. His mind diminishes,and he even requests his dead siblings help to help him from vanishing. .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc , .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc .postImageUrl , .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc , .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc:hover , .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc:visited , .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc:active { border:0!important; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc:active , .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ue82521b39325f4 03352400b2e0c247dc .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ue82521b39325f403352400b2e0c247dc:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Geology EssayHowever, he would consistently return up, always remembering to express gratitude toward Allie. Thus,Holden shows the survivor job of the reasoning individual. In additionto imagery in the novel, Holdens red chasing cap (with ear folds and all!)is utilized. The practically unpredictable piece to Holdens clothing represents his viewson life. He wears it in reverse on his head, to show how fixated he is withthe past, and to show his needing to come back to the blamelessness and purityof his youth. Additionally, he wears it as assurance from the cold, or is itreally security from the outside world? These are the purpose s behind Holdensgreat estimation of the cap, and for which he passed it down to Phoebe; that itmight be her shield too. Holden Caulfield, as it shows up, is very muchlike Atwoods thinking individual. He opposes and defies lifes evils,and in result, is distant from everyone else and distanced for a great part of the time. As is Shown,a suspecting individual isn't generally a support individual, yet at the same time the scholar liveson, squeezing his way through the world, declining to vanish.

Man Accused of Issuing High-Interest Loans That Took Advantage of Veterans - OppLoans

Man Accused of Issuing High-Interest Loans That Took Advantage of Veterans - OppLoans Man Accused of Issuing High-Interest Loans That Took Advantage of Veterans Man Accused of Issuing High-Interest Loans That Took Advantage of VeteransInside Subprime: Feb 26, 2019By Grace AustinA man accused of brokering high-interest loans for veterans is now permanently banned from any such transactions in the future by the federal consumer watchdog agency, but the settlement has left some critics unconvinced.The broker settled in January 2019 with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau over a slew of deceptive actions relating to buying retirement and disability pensions from former servicemembers.The bureau found that the broker was misleading veterans into contracts that were invalid because veterans’ pension payments are unassignable under federal law, or cannot be transferred to other individuals besides the veteran or a living spouse.The CFPB also claimed that he misrepresented to consumers what his product was â€" he was telling veterans it was a purchase of payments and not a high-interest credit offer. He also lied to them about when they woul d receive their funds, and didn’t let them know the applicable interest rate on the credit offer.In the scheme,the broker is accused of taking advantage of veterans with military disability pensions between 2011 and 2019.the broker would tell vets that investors were willing to buy their pensions, marketing pension buying through several websites. Veterans were made to believe they would receive a lump-sum payment, ranging from a couple thousand dollars to tens of thousands of dollars.Veterans would then use an online portal to redirect their Department of Veterans Affairs or Defense Finance and Accounting Service pension payments to the brokers companies. If the contract was only for a part of a pension, the companies would return a portion of the monthly pension back to the veterans.The high interest the veterans were being charged on the credit offer turned out to be as much as 40 percent in some cases.Through the settlement, the broker also has to pay $1 in penalties; that num ber is so low, the CFPB says, because the broker proved he didn’t have the funds to pay more and because of his cooperation with the government.Critics have expounded on the low figure â€" Esquire examined the agency and its former and current directors, saying that they are allowing a “noxious specimen” go unchecked on consumers, and that officials are giving the broker and other deceptive actors a slap on the wrist. The Center for Responsible Lending noted that the settlement comes soon after the CFPB indicated it wouldn’t be monitoring lenders for following the Military Lending Act.But it’s not the only place the broker is being sued. In a legal case in South Carolina, the broker is accused of profiting off of financially desperate former servicemembers, claiming that the number of veteran victims could be in the thousands. the broker is accused of being just one of many involved in a web of pension-purchasing scams.For more information on  payday loans, scams, and  cas h advances  and  check out our city and state financial guides  including Florida, Illinois, South Carolina,  Texas, Washington D.C.  and more.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe a Spiritual Biography Essay

Anna Katherine Kerlin English 254, Section 008 Mrs. Patty Ireland January 30, 2013 Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe: A Spiritual Biography In the seventeenth century, a form of writing emerged as the idea of religion began to change. Many writers used â€Å"spiritual autobiographies† when writing nonfiction pieces. Spiritual autobiographies and later, biographies, were particularly popular because of the emphasis on the Bible in the late 1600s. The concept of spiritual autobiographies and biographies continued well into the 1700s when Daniel Defoe was making his debut in fiction novels with Robinson Crusoe. Critics described Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe as a â€Å"spiritual journey.† J. Paul Hunter claimed that Defoe took a spiritual biography†¦show more content†¦He admitted, â€Å"all the while I had not the least serious religious thought, nothing but the common, Lord, ha[ve] mercy upon me, and when it was over, that went away too† (60). Although Crusoe turns to God during this time, he is not sincere with his praying and his faith abates with the earthquake. It is not until Crusoe be comes very ill that his faith and relationship with God take a turn for the better. Again, Crusoe admits that he does not know how to pray as he claims, â€Å"I was so ignorant, that I knew not what to say; only I lay and cried, Lord look upon me, Lord pity me, Lord have mercy upon me† (64). Crusoe is beginning to build a stronger relationship with God as he admits he may not know what to say, but he knows he must pray. Even though Crusoe’s relationship with God is not yet perfected, his new sense of religion leads him to live a more positive lifestyle while on the island. Crusoe’s journey and relationship with God changes dramatically when he finally realizes he is being punished and begins to ask for repentance. Defoe allows Crusoe to admit his flaws in his life and with this is able to continue his spiritual journey. Crusoe admits, â€Å"I have never had so much as one thought of it being the hand of God, or that it was just punishment for my sin, my rebelli ous behavior against my father (65). Crusoe has finally recognized and admitted that God is punishing him for his rebellion. Now that Crusoe has come to terms with this heShow MoreRelatedWe Must Keep Daniel Defoe in the Literary Cannon1235 Words   |  5 PagesDaniel Defoe born in or around 1660 experienced the most complex disastrous events in England before he was seven. In 1664 a Dutch fleet attacked London, in 1665 the plague took seventy thousand lives and in 1666 the great fire destroyed Defoe’s neighborhood expect for three houses, one being his. Born to a family of dissenters a class of people who refused to conform to the Church of England, Defoe was hindered with obstacles from the start. Receiving his education from a dissenter’s school and

Abortion In Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants

The short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† by Ernest Hemingway, talk about a young couple and their relationship issue about abortion. Even though, the story happened in a short period of time, but it tells more than just a story. The woman named Jig, where the man only called as â€Å" a man† or â€Å" The American.† Although the relationship between them is complicated, but it is clearly that they are not married. However, they continued their relationship which came to result that Jig became pregnant. The couple love to travel and stop in many differents cities before moving on to the next. Their last stop was somewhere in Spain and that was the place where they had to make decisions either they continue their relationship with the child or†¦show more content†¦From the first paragraph, the setting of the scene introduces the atmosphere that will reflect the rest of the story. The scene takes place in a train station in Spain where the couple wait for the next train to Madrid. Although, the time period is never given, but it can be assumed to be around 1927 since the story published in the same year. The first use of imagery, The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun.† (128) â€Å"The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went to Madrid. (129) Just like the 2 rail lines that go to 2 different directions. This could be understand as the couple had only two choices and two differents direction in which the couple need to decide for their relationship. The landscape and surrounding play an important role in the setting and imagery of the story. When the woman sees the long and white hills she says that they look like white elephant s (129) A white elephant is a metaphor describing the baby and the white color seems to demonstrate the innocence and purity of her unborn child. The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were fields of grain and treesShow MoreRelatedAbortion In Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants1664 Words   |  7 PagesOn its surface level, Ernest Hemingway’s short story, Hills Like White Elephants, appears to be a seemingly simple tale of an American man and a girl waiting at a train station in Spain while having a civil conversation about an unmentioned operation over a few drinks; however, after readers look past the nondescript writing style of Hemingway, it becomes evident that the conversation is actually revolving around a topic much more serious. The â€Å"simple† operation the man is trying to convince theRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Short Story ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway.1497 Words   |  6 Pagesof the short story ‘Hills like White Elephants’ by Ernest Hemingway. Word Count: 1367 Hills like White Elephants – Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Will Jig have the abortion and stay with the man; will Jig have the abortion and leave the man; or will Jig not have the abortion and win the man over to her point of view?† (Hashmi, N, 2003). These are the three different scenarios that have been seriously considered in Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"Hills like White Elephants†. Ernest Hemingway is a greatRead MoreErnest Hemingway s Life As A Writer1074 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Miller Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Chicago, IL to Clarence and Grace Hill-Hemingway. Ernest’s parents were a physician and a musician, respectively, and were both well educated individuals who encouraged their children to follow in their footsteps educationally. Ernest Hemingway began his career as an author and journalist at the age of seventeen. Ernest took a high school course in Journalism taught by Fannie Biggs, which was taught, as though the classroom were a newspaper officeRead MoreThe Literary Pieces Of Ernest Hemingway, A Great American 20th Century Novelist852 Words   |  4 Pagesobvious to the readers whilst portraying different aspects for literary criticisms. Many authors utilize these poetic tactics to give different perspectives to their written works. Ernest Hemingway, a great American 20th century novelist produced many literature writings, and of his greatest creations Hills like White Elephants emerged in 1920. A short story consisting of what appears to be a simplistic conversation between an American man and a mysterious woman named Jig, (whose ethnicity was never revealed)Read MoreTo Let The Air In964 Words   |  4 Pagesand the submissive doormat to more empowering trajectories. Many debatable issues surround women’s campaign of liberties including the broadly debated right to decide who has ultimate say in regards of getting an abortion. Ernest Hemingway wrote a story called, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† that conveyed the viewpoint of females centered around the topic . Well into character’s development the reader sees Jig’s ability to come to her own decision about the procedure and submit to the pressure of aRead More Hemingways Personal Life and its Influence on his Short Story, Hills Like White Elephants1409 Words   |  6 PagesHemingways Personal Life and its Influence on his Short Story Hills Like White Elephants Hills like White Elephants is not the normal story where you have a beginning, middle and end. Hemingway gave just enough information so that readers could draw their own conclusions. The entire story encompasses a conversation between two lovers and leaves the reader with more questions than answers. Ernest Hemingway was a brilliant writer. People that study Hemingways works try to gain insight andRead MoreErnest Hemingway s Hills Like White Elephants Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesKatherine Escobar Professor. Riobueno ENC1102 12/11/16 Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† is a story about two characters on their journey in the valley of Spain. They are deciding whether or not to make an abortion, which is indirectly implied on the narrative. Hemingway has a specific way of creating the story that it becomes apparent that every description he used is a symbol of the plot. Through this way of storytelling, HemingwayRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, a Theme Analysis Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemmingway uses time, place, and symbolism in Hills like White Elephants to intensify the central dilemma in a story about a man and a woman deciding on whether to go through with an abortion. Although a literal reading of the title may not seem to have any relation to the story, the title is rich in implications. Critics suggest that Hills refers to the shape of a womans stomach when pregnant, and Websters 21st Century Dictionary defines white elephant as: [An] awkward, useless pos sessionRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundation of trust between a man and woman. In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† we learn about the communication breakdown, between a woman named Jig and her companion who is an American man. They must make a decision that will affect both of their lives, and potentially end their relationship. The setting of the story represents Jig and her relationship with her American companion. â€Å"The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no treesRead MoreErnest Hemingway s `` Indian Camp `` And Hills Like White Elephants ``928 Words   |  4 Pagescase with Ernest Hemingway as he was well-known to scholars to have his short stories filled with male-chauvinist characters either abusing or disregarding weak and helpless women. However, Bauer, a professor of English and women’s studies, believes that the characterization of Hemingway as an abuser and having a blatant disregard of women is almost entirely created by the scholars and readers of his stories. With an analysis of Hemingway’s â€Å"Indian Camp† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, Bauer attempts

Elizabeth, By Elizabeth Hebel - 1123 Words

Introduction The person of choice for this conducted interview is Elizabeth Hebel. Elizabeth was born in Dgansk, Poland. Elizabeth’s parents and grandparents were also born in Poland. Although Elizabeth family is majority filled with Polish descent, there are additional cultural roots stemming from Russia, Portugal, and Italy. Through this interview, it is concluded Elizabeth’s family background does not differentiate vastly from the current traditional American family. The traditions, values, and celebrations of Elizabeth’s family is nearly homologous to many American born families. All-inclusive, the family background of the interviewee Elizabeth is filled with rich Polish heritage with only slight differences from the typical†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Elizabeth has a shortage of information regarding her father and her parent’s relationship. Nonetheless, Elizabeth mentioned her parents went to high school together and met one another beca use they had a similar friend group. Then shortly after Elizabeth’s mother became pregnant, her father did not associate with their family. Moreover, Elizabeth informs the interviewer her father was not even allowed to come into the household throughout her childhood. Furthermore, Elizabeth’s father remained out of her life to the extent of remaining in Poland when she moved to Chicago during her fifth-grade year of school. Major Tradition/ History or Events #4 While the information was understandably limited about Elizabeth’s father, her mother childhood consists of a great deal of traveling. Elizabeth informed the interviewer one of the prominent contributions to this frequent movement consists of the rough period Poland was in throughout her mother’s childhood. Additionally, combined with this factor, Elizabeth’s mother transported to numerous countries because her father obtained an uncommon machine operating license at the time. Therefore, Elizabeth’s maternal family was often sent around due to multiple construction jobs. In her childhood, Elizabeth’s mother lived in France, Italy, and Africa before returning to Poland. This made schoolwork and friendships

Enron Corp free essay sample

Three types of consulting services that audit firms have provided to their audit clients in the recent years which indicate the special threats for audit firm’s independence are as following. †¢ Financial information systems design and implementation. Once the financial information systems have been designed, it needs to maintain and update in many situations. If auditors design the systems for the clients, they would take too much power to control clients business. †¢ Internal audit outsourcing service. Usually, the internal auditors have to assistance external auditor during the audit. If internal auditor also is external auditor, the external auditor independence will be impaired. †¢ Human resources. If the external auditors act like a leader in the client’s firm, it will affect client’s business. Question 3, Given the assumption, I do believe that Andersen’s involvement in those decisions violated many professional auditing standards. †¢ Independence. No matter how they audit the financial statements, they will maintain the job. We will write a custom essay sample on Enron Corp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ Audit committee should establish strong relationship with the independent auditors. It will improve treatment of complaints regarding auditing matters. †¢ Client’s managers should assist external auditors during the audit appropriately. It will reduce misleading and confusing in some situations. †¢ Public company accounting oversight board should contact inspections, investigation and disciplinary proceeding concerning registered public accounting firms. It will make public to trust public accounting firms more than prior. Question 6, I believe that there has been a significant shift or evolution over the past several decades in the concept of â€Å"professionalism† as it relates to the public accounting discipline. †¢ In the past, CPAs use pens and calculator to audit financial statements. Right now, CPAs use computers to audit financial statement which is more effective. They not only have accounting knowledge, but also they have to develop their computer skills. †¢ Starting last August, New York State changed the CPA exams required for candidates. Before last August, candidates who only need bachelor degree with accounting major to sit for the exams. Right now, candidates have to finish 150 college credits to sit for the exams. Question 7, The auditor should treat to audit the quarterly financial statements as the same as the fiscal year financial statements. Although it may need more time to audit the financial statements and client needs to pay more audit fees, it at least reduces the financial statements risk or mistakes. It is better for client business and creditors. In my point of the view, I strongly support the financial statements should be audited quarterly.

Comparison Of Dantes Inferno And Purgatorio Essays - Divine Comedy

Comparison Of Dante's Inferno And Purgatorio The Comparison Of Dantes Inferno and the Purgatorio March 25, 2001 There are many differences in the Inferno and the Purgatorio of Dante Alghieri, from the differences in atmosphere and attitude, darkness and light, between sins and their punishments as well as the characters of the Comedy. My purpose is to shed light on what I found to be interesting differences of the two. I would like to begin with the comparison of the coming of the old men in both the Inferno and the Purgatorio. In the Inferno it starts by saying: And Lo! Coming toward us in a boat, an old man, white with ancient hair, crying, woe to you wicked souls! Hope not ever to see Heaven! I come to carry you to the other bank, into eternal darkness, to heat and frost. Further, in the Purgatorio it starts out as: I saw to me an old man alone, worthy in look of so much reverence that no son owes more unto his father. He wore a long beard and mingled with white hair, like his locks, of which a double list fell upon his breast. In this depiction of the old men we can see the paths they have chosen, and for their choices they have been assigned their duties. The other similarity of these men is that we can find them placed in the story before Dante reaches Limbo, the first circle of Hell, and before he is able to enter into the Ante-Purgatory, or Limba in Purgatory. With the idea of the coming of the boats fresh in our minds, we can also see a distinct difference in the atmosphere in both areas. First in the Inferno we get the description of the atmosphere in these lines: But those souls, who were weary and naked, changed color, and gnashed their teeth. They blasphemed God and their parents, the human race, the place, the time and the seed of their sowing and of their birth. Where as in the Purgatorio the attitude follows: Mind, mind, thou bend thy knees. Lo! The Angel of God: fold thy hands; henceforth shalt thou see such officials. See how he scorns human means, so that he wills not oar, of other sail other than his own wings between distance shores. See, how he holds them straight towards Heaven, stroking the air with his eternal feathers that are not changed like mortal hair. It gives a clear distinction of the attitude of the two places, on one hand you have people cursing everything in their human life, and on the other you have a divine reverence portrayed by all individuals. The souls in hell have no hope of ever seeing the face of God or to ever be in his glory. The souls in Purgatory have hope, and some day will be joined with the holiest of holies. Here all people are Christians and believe in God, their suffering has meaning and impact on their eventual outcome into Heaven. In Hell, the inhabitants are eager to justify themselves and are anxious to make an individual impression, and all souls are dammed to aimlessly wander in the sin they held on to while living on earth, there is no consolation for the repeating of their punishment. Which brings me to one of the most interesting aspects of this novel, the contrapasso. It is ire to see what may lie ahead for some sins and sinners. In the example of Paolo and Francesca, their sin was their lust. They wanted to be with each other in a sexual nature, even though it was forbidden. Their punishment is the mirrored image of their sin on earth--the same basic concept, but the exact opposite. In hell they are stuck together in the most intimate of positions, doomed to remain in that sexual position for all eternity, without rest or satisfaction. In Purgatory we get a much different view of the evolution of the soul. It is portrayed that all the individuals there are worms waiting to form angelic butterflies. The souls here are in a constant reformation, where as in hell the souls are stagnant. While on this subject of the contrapasso, I found Satans to be the most fitting.

A scoping report on the Beighton Extreme Sport Park proposal The WritePass Journal

A scoping report on the Beighton Extreme Sport Park proposal Introduction A scoping report on the Beighton Extreme Sport Park proposal Introduction1. Spatial Scope1.1 Transport Links1.2 Employment2. Life-cycle of activities and Physical Presence2.1 Materials2.2 Temporal Scope2.3 Dimensions3. Assessment of Environmental and Socio – Economic Effects/ Reasons for Scoping Report3.1 Flora and Fauna3.2 Air and Noise Quality3.3 Groundwater Problems3.4 Light Pollution3.5 Sewage, Waste and Litter3.6 Socio-Economic4. Mitigating Measures 4.1 Table of Mitigation Measures and Alternatives4.2 Potential Dangers or Hazards5. Legislative and Policy Context 5.1   Introduction to EIA Policy   and Context5.2 Need for EIA (Schedule 2)5.3 Need for EIA (Schedule 3)BibliographyRelated Introduction 1. Spatial Scope The proposed site for the Beighton extreme sport park is located on the A57 which is the road connecting Sheffield city centre to junction 31 on the M1. Some of the local residential areas that surround the site include: Woodhouse, Hackenthorpe and Crystal Peaks, all of which could make up some for some of the workforce. Other local places of interest which could have an impact on the site include: the Shirebrook Nature Reserve, Westfield Sports Centre and Crystal Peaks shopping centre to the south. This can be seen more clearly in figure 1 and 2 below. The plot of land is currently owned by the Sheffield City Council and the developers are LBX Holdings Ltd who is based in Newcastle.   1.1 Transport Links As I mentioned before the site is located near the M1, which is the main motorway linking the south of Britain to the north. There is a tramline that runs from Sheffield city centre to Crystal Peaks one of the neighbouring residential areas and a bit further afield on the other side of the A57 there is Woodhouse railway station which again runs into the Sheffield city centre. The site would also be easily accessible for people living in the local areas that surround the proposed site. This can be viewed better in figure 1 and 2 below. 1.2 Employment The project information (2011) states that 140 full time jobs will be necessary during a 25 year operation period. More on employment will be discussed in section 3. This image is courtesy of www.MapQuest.com (2003) site accessed on (2011) from google images Figure 1. This map shows the proposed site for the sports park which is highlighted in blue. As you can see it is located directly on the A57 and is very close to residential areas. The M1 is located just off to the right of the picture. (Law) Motivation and managing diversity Second Draft   Photo courtesy of Stephen Jay (2011) Figure 2. This is an aerial photograph of the site which is circled in orange, again showing the A57 on the left and some of the residential areas surrounding the site. 2. Life-cycle of activities and Physical Presence 2.1 Materials Where possible materials will be used from local areas for the six major constructions in the proposed area. The access for the lorries bringing the materials should be fairly easy due to the M1 and A57 being so close. Particularly for the snowdome, skate park and canoe area, specialised materials will needed to be brought in to make them successful. Basic construction materials will be needed for the administration building and hotel such as; steel, timber and glass and tarmac would also be needed for the car park.   The project information hand out (2011) also states that 10,000 tonnes of topsoil will also be needed for landscaping. 2.2 Temporal Scope According to the project information hand out (2011) the site will give 100 jobs for a 16 month construction phase with over 200,000 tonnes of materials being needed to complete the park. The hand out also states that these materials will be transported in 10,000 trips over a six month period assuming it is done in a six day week. 2.3 Dimensions The dimensions, materials and layout in section 2.3 of each building are given in the Beighton Extreme Sports Park project information handbook (2011) Snowdome – This building would be the largest, www.SkyscraperPage.com   (2011) state that the square footage of the Xscape in Milton Keynes is 55,000m2 with a 44m roof. Beighton snowdome will be a lot smaller compared to this with only a small selection of restaurants so the dimensions will total 5,000m2 with a height of just 30m. Skate Park – This is an outdoor activity and will be 450m2; the height will be around 8m. A few bars will surround the skate park too adding to the area slightly. Canoe Park – www.london2012.com (2011) states that their canoe run in Lee Valley is 300m long, again Beighton has a smaller area so the canoe run will only be 200m in length, with picnic areas surrounding the run and some restaurants. Coach and Car Parking – Because this is a unique project and its easy accessibility the car park will be around 18,720m2 and floodlight. This includes all the circulation, floodlighting and bay parking areas. In total there will be enough bays for 590 cars 45 of which are for disabled drivers and in addition to this 120 spaces for overspill, plus 10 spaces for coaches. Hotel – The hotel will be two floors and have a square footage of 3700m2, it will include the usual hotel amenities such as bar and two restaurants, there will also be 20 rooms on the ground floor and a further 80 on the second floor. Administration Building – This will be 180m2 and will be built out of the same materials as the hotel which is timer steel and reinforced concrete. Photo courtesy of Stephen Jay (2011) Figure 3. This is another aerial photograph giving more detail into where the proposed buildings will be constructed. 3. Assessment of Environmental and Socio – Economic Effects/ Reasons for Scoping Report 3.1 Flora and Fauna Currently the site is attempting to replant some trees and other smaller plants as shown in figure 4 below, this would ultimately be disrupted by the project. However new shrubs and trees would be planted if the site were constructed and many of the areas round the hotel, admin building and canoe run could retain the local flora and fauna. Figure 4 shows some areas of Beighton Tip that has tried to be rehabilitated with trees and plants, some of this may be lost due to the construction plans. 3.2 Air and Noise Quality The Park will undoubtedly increase traffic in the local area which in turn will increase noise and air pollution, this will partly be due to the proximity of the M1. In popular seasons such as the summer months And weekends the car park may reach its maximum capacity leading to some overspill into the local residential areas, which again would increase noise and air pollution. Because canoeing and skiing are very specialist sports and the site is not a natural habitat for either of these sports, a lot of energy will be used to pump water into the canoe run and ski slope for freezing, this process will lead to a decrease in air quality and may add to problems on a global scale. 3.3 Groundwater Problems The project handbook (2011) states that 1 tonne of snow per day will be used and that inside the snow dome the temperature will be kept at around -2 C .In order for the snow to be produced 1500litres of water will be used per day with an underground tank storing 20,000litres. This could lead to some groundwater problems on the site if the tank were to break and lose water. 3.4 Light Pollution Because the park will be open well into the night, it may cause problems for the local residential areas in terms of constant light during late hours. With the lights from the M25 so close by, the park may add significant light pollution to the local area. A strategic environmental assessment of Devon transport links (pp37:2006) identified some of the main problems linked with light pollution: Light trespass: the intrusion of light into homes Glare: unshielded bright lighting may be hazardous in a relatively small area Sky Glow: the broad orange glow that prevents appreciation of the night sky They discovered that these types of light pollution led to a loss of insects such as moths, disrupted bird migration patterns and even stunted tree and shrub growth. 3.5 Sewage, Waste and Litter Currently there is a river running through the site which for the most part is underground. This is already has been polluted which is clear from the reddish   colour which is most probably iron oxides and large amount of litter, figure 5a and b highlights this ; the construction of the site will only increase the amount of sewage in the area which could cause some problems. There is water quality testing points all over the site which are clearly visible in figure 6. Before any work can take place a lot of the rubbish and graffiti will need to be cleaned not just in the site but on some of the walkways leading to the proposed area, this is shown in figures 7 and 8. Recycling points and rubbish bins will be put in place all over the proposed site so as to limit the amount of litter when the project has been constructed. Hopefully the extreme sports park will deter vandalism and litter in the local residential areas. Figure 5a b indicates the iron oxides (on the left) and possible other pollutants that inhibit the local stream that runs through the site Figure 6 shows the water quality stations over the site Figure 7 8 highlights the litter and graffiti problems that the sites has and will need to be addressed. 3.6 Socio-Economic The site will increase traffic in the local residential areas as I have mentioned before and may cause problems in parking if the sports park is full. It could encourage people to use the local shopping centre at Crystal Peaks which in turn would improve cash flows for other local businesses and as I mentioned earlier it would also provide jobs for the local area. Hopefully with more money being pumped into the park and its local businesses improvements could be made by the council on local problems such as: litter and graffiti in other areas outside the park, better transport links, better residential facilities or improvements on current roadways. There is some competition in Xscape Castleford outside Leeds and Milton Keynes which are similar projects; however the main competitor is Sheffield Ski Village which has a dry ski slope. The proposed ski slope at Beighton uses real snow from frozen water which I believe would make it a lot more popular and with the other attractions more successful. 4. Mitigating Measures 4.1 Table of Mitigation Measures and Alternatives Problem Mitigation Alternative Car Park Overspill Reduce the size of some of the other proposed constructions and increase the size of the car park Using another site close by as extra car parking space Increased Traffic Improve local road networks such as expanding either the M1 or A57 allowing more cars on the road at one time. Encourage more bus routes or easier access to tram lines meaning people from Sheffield would use public transport over cars which would reduce traffic Relocate proposed site to somewhere less residential, which would affect less residential areas and at a site that has even better transport links which could manage the amount of traffic generated by the sports park. Flora and Fauna Loss Leave areas of current restoration as much as possible Introduce a new programme allowing restoration in other parts of the local area Sewage and Waste Build more recycling and rubbish points on the site Recycle rubbish at legally and dump other waste and legal landfill sites Air/Noise Quality Closing the park earlier and opening later, would reduce the amount of emissions and energy used, it would also decrease the noise created by the park at the later hours Using the site for other sports which require less energy and generate less noise such as indoor football, tennis etc. 4.2 Potential Dangers or Hazards With such extreme sports there are always going to be risks and possible dangers. At each of the main constructions there will be first aid equipment and in each area there will always be a certified first aider. With the local transport links to medical centres in some of the local residential areas and the A57 leading to central Sheffield there is easy access to medical attention when needed. In terms of the sports themselves, maintenance teams will need to be on site at all times ready to fix any dangerous problems, such as any malfunctions to the machines converting the water to snow or problems with the waterworks in the canoe run. 5. Legislative and Policy Context 5.1   Introduction to EIA Policy   and Context Carroll and Turpin (2009) state that the need for legislation when it comes to Town and Country planning which was introduced in 1990 is because it allows developers to apply to local authorities for guidance on whether an EIA is necessary to build on a certain plot of land. They go on to explain that the projects are split into schedule 1 to 3. Schedule 1 projects always require an EIA as they are potentially polluting projects, schedule 2 only need an EIA to establish whether it meets certain criteria or exceeds any thresholds established by the government. Schedule 3 is classed as the criteria needed for screening schedule 2.   Due to Beighton extreme sports park not being primarily build for any natural resource extraction or used for any waste disposal it cannot be classed as schedule 1, therefore it must be classed as schedule 2 and 3,   therefore screening is needed in order to establish whether the project proposal will meet the necessary thresholds and criteria 5.2 Need for EIA (Schedule 2) All policies and legislation mentioned in section 5.2 and 5.3 was used from www.legislative.go.uk from looking at the www.legislative.gov.uk (1999) the town and country planning regulations it clearly states in schedule 2, section 10 infrastructure projects part b that, ‘Urban development projects, including the construction of shopping centres and car parks, sports stadiums, leisure centres and multiplex cinemas;’. It also mentions that all areas of development that exceed 0.5 hectares will require and EIA. The size of the proposed car park is 18,720m ­2 which exceeds the criteria in this section of the schedule. Still referring to schedule 2 of the town and country planning 1999 in section 12 Tourism and Leisure it states that in order for, ‘Ski-runs, ski-lifts and cable-cars and associated developments;’ to be constructed the threshold is, ‘the area of the works exceeds 1 hectare; or the height of any building or other structure exceeds 15 metres’. The proposed area of the snowdome is 5,000m2 and the height is 30m which exceeds both thresholds. Later on in section 12 it also says that, ‘Holiday villages and hotel complexes outside urban areas and associated developments;’ are also included, the proposal also shows that it exceeds these thresholds with the hotel being 3,700m2. 5.3 Need for EIA (Schedule 3) According to the Town and Country Planning 1999 the criteria for screening include, ‘characteristics of development, location of development and characteristics of potential impacts’. Included in some of these characteristics are criteria such as, ‘size of development, pollution and nuisance, the risk of accidents, having regard in particular to substances or technologies used, proximity to nature reserves and parks and the extent of the impact (geographical area and size of the affected population)’. Also these factors may be affected by the proposed project and will need to be taken into consideration for example as I mentioned earlier some of the sports are considered extreme and accidents could occur, a scoping report would be beneficial in understanding more about the possible dangerous and what can be done to prevent them. The site is also located in very close proximity to the Beighton Marsh Nature Park Bibliography Wood, C. (2003) Environmental Impact Assessment – A Comparative Review 2nd Edition, London: Pearson Press DTLR Transport Local Government Regions (2000) Environmental Impact Assessment – A Guide to Procedures, London: Telford Press Carroll, B. Turpin, T. (2009) Environmental Impact Assessment Handbook 2nd Edition, London: Thomas Telford Ltd (2011) Details on large buildings on a global scale for skyscraper enthusiasts (Online) Available: www.skyscraperpage.com (9th March 2011) Jay, S. (2011) Photos of Beighton Tip (Online) Available: www.shuspace.ac.uk   (9th March 2011) Devon County Council (2004) Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Devon Local Transport Plan 2006-11 Scoping Report (Online) Available: www.devon.gov.uk (15th March 2011) Coughtrie, N. (2011) Photos of Beighton Tip (9th March 2011) (2011) The Home of UK Legislation (Online) Available: www.legislation.gov.uk   (9th March 2011) Jay, S. (2011) Beighton Extreme Sports Park Project Information (9th March 2011) (2003) Map of Beighton tip and surrounding area (Online) Available: www.mapquest.com (9th March 2011)

With reference to two out of the seven regions identified here (see Essay

With reference to two out of the seven regions identified here (see below in assign.criteria) ,how useful is it to continue classifying and contextualising media systems in geographical terms - Essay Example â€Å"Geography is a visual discipline...media representations are part of individual and societal conceptions of the world but also because of medias power to conceptualize and spread political ideas and reinforce hegemonic orders.† (Zimmermann, 2007). From the commercial point of view also, geography helps a lot in finding the target customer base for the media houses. Although there is no physical restriction to media content and it can reach any regions, geography induced media content is mainly applicable to specific geographical region. For example, the geographical boundaries of the Middle Eastern as well as the North American region and the commonality in most issues have led the media houses there to classify and contextualize the media content in a particular way. As this practice is happening world over, the aspects which need to be discussed are the advantages or disadvantages of continuing to compare the worlds media systems on the basis of geographical location. For that, the paper will bring out the differences between the historical forces which have shaped the media in Middle Eastern as well as in the North American regions. Finally by case studying the prominent media houses of the respective regions, CNN and Al Jazeera, the paper will discuss how it is disadvantage to classify and contextualise worlds media systems on the basis of geographical location. Middle East region of Asia has been one of the most active regions ever since the discovery of oil resources, and the resultant entry of foreign countries and firms. With the entry of outsiders, all forms of technology developed including the communication and media technology, which developed along with optimum media exposure. Both these two aspects particularly media exposure also lead to the development of indigenous media. Although few forms of media had already been established, the proliferation

Messaging apps Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Messaging apps - Research Paper Example Some of the most common messaging apps that allow users to send free messaging texts, images, photos and free calls over a data connection include Whatsapp, Tango, Viber and iMessage, Skype among others (Olson, 2013). These apps have been a threat to the conventional message carriers considering that they have done away with the fees that people used to pay for the same services. As such, the traditional message carriers have to close shop or innovate better ways to attract customers. Therefore, the use of messaging Apps in sending contents through mobile networks has led to a transformation in the usage of mobile phones, making them ideal gadgets to communicate and receive content in real time. Messaging apps have challenged the incumbent social messaging sites such as Facebook and Alibaba. The apps facilitate chatting and sending of different contents a much better way compared to the conventional methods of sending the same contents. Tango is one of the most commonly used messaging apps. Currently, Tango has over 70 million monthly active users and enables members to send video and voice calls along text messages in real time (Kan 2014). Tango has capitalized on the fact that most of the calls that people make are not answered, especially at nights. As such, the company has come with special services to users that facilitate recording of messages, which are then viewed later after the person wakes up (Kan, 2014). Thus, the company has to store such messages in their servers, where they are accessible to any member with an android device, devices using apple operating system or through any web browser (Kan, 2014). The company plans to start making money by requiring that users pay minimal charges on using special services such as the Tango surprises that allows animations of messages. For instance, users of the Tango Surprises will get a single animation free of charge

Synthesis of CNTs From Hydrocarbons Resources by CCVD

Synthesis of CNTs From Hydrocarbons Resources by CCVD 1. Introduction Carbon nanotube is one of the most promising candidates of nanomaterials which own wonderful mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. With one hundred times the steel’s tensile strength, thermal conductivity better than all materials except the purest diamond, and electrical conductivity contact to the copper with ballistic transport of electrons present the ability to carry much higher currents without heat generation. Carbon nanotube can be categorize to single-walled carbon nanotube and multi- walled carbon nanotubes, when SWCNT has one rolled layer of graphene sheet to form cylindrical shape, MWCNT consist of multiple cylindrical rolled graphene sheets (Fig. 1). General carbon nanotube synthesis methods are Arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, CVD is the most convenient method to grow all kinds of CNTs and the best choice to produce large amount of CNTs at relatively low cost and with mild growth conditions. The use of hydroca rbon resources for the production of high-value chemical and materials such as carbon nanotubes obtain obvious impact of sustainable development. In this direction, several research groups have explored the use of hydrocarbons as a carbon sources for CNTs synthesis. 2. Synthesis of CNTs by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Recently, Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) is the most familiar technique to grow all kind of CNTs. Several motives can explain this favoring. Firstly, consider the technical operation it is easy to perform the reaction between a catalyst and a carbon precursor; it only requires an oven designed with a tubular reactor such as quartz tube, and a few of gas flow controllers in order to feed the require gases. Secondly, a numerous of parameters can be contrasted and investigated from the scientists, not only during the catalyst treatment but also the CNTs growth, which influence the quality, purity, and yield of the CNTs. The mainly vital parameters for CNTs synthesis by CCVD technique is the temperature. In CCVD, energy is donated to hydrocarbons to break them into reactive radical objects in the temperature range approximately from 500-900Â °C, sometimes more. These reactive species diffuse down to a catalyst surface where they remain bonded. As a result, CNTs are formed. T he commonly used energy source is resistive heating. Generally, there are two processing system patterns for CCVD to synthesis CNTs are horizontal and vertical system. In this literature we will demonstrate a usual horizontal system due to it is far reaching for most scientists. I horizontal system there are two techniques for utilization floating and fixed-bed catalyst technique, displays in Fig. 2. Floating catalyst mainly apply when a mixture of reactants and catalyst are present in the gas phase in the reactor at a promoted temperature during CCVD process. The catalyst in the gas phase experience transformation cause by the redox gases and or the elevated temperature and form solid phase nano particles where the CCVD reaction occurs. This method enclose on obstacle in preventing the nano particles and reactants from coalescence which is when the solid catalyst nanoparticles hold on the reactor surfaces, they could have adequate residence time for CNTs growing. In other words, any unreacted gas precursor and solid catalyst nanoparti cles which they have not capable to react and holds on the reactor surfaces at adequately elevated temperatures are swept away from reactor with the carrier gases and unused reactants. Therefore, the result practically will reduce the productivity and process efficiency. In the fixed bed process, the catalyst which is in the solid phase is set in boats and places inside the reactor then the reactant with carrier which they are in the gas phase are introduced at an elevated temperature where the reaction takes place in CCVD. The efficiency and productivity of CNTs growth in this system are limited by heterogeneous contact between the gas and solid reactant and ascent of the reactor gradients temperature. Because of increase growing nanotubes it cover the catalyst nanoparticles surfaces, the diffusion of carbon precursor to the catalyst nanoparticles will decrease. Therefore, the effectiveness of the catalyst nanoparticles surfaces will reduce. 2.1. Catalyst Catalysts play an essential role for synthesis of CNTs in the CCVD and hence enhance the suitable characteristics of desired catalyst will be improved the attained CNTs quality and process yield as well. Transition metals in the figure of nanoparticles such as Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni) and their alloys have been specified as the most effective catalysts for CNTs synthesis. These catalysts can Growth CNTs in three steps according to Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) mechanism: Firstly, a gas precursor produces carbons which adsorb and dissociate on the surface of the catalyst particles to form elementary carbon atoms. Secondly, the carbon atoms dissolve in the bulk of the nanoparticles to form liquid metastable carbide and diffuse within the particles. Finally, solid carbons precipitate at the rear side of the nanoparticles to form carbon nanotubes. Solid organometallocenes such as nickelocene, cobaltocene, and ferrocene are extensively used as a catalyst for utilizing CNTs, because they deliver solid metal nanoparticles which effectively catalyze the hydrocarbons decomposition. Experimentally, the catalyst particle size is in charge of CNTs diameter. Figure 3 (c) summarize that catalyst particle diameter plays a significant role for determining the structure the utilized nano carbon. Catalyst nano particles with 1 nm diameter mainly utilized SWCNTs [ ], while MWCNTs are utilized from catalyst nanoparticles with diameter 0f 10 – 50 nm as well as the number of MWCNTs layers increased with the particles diameter. In other hand, another nano carbon structure named nano-onion utilized when catalyst nanoparticles with diameter exceed 50 nm. Attaining hydrocarbons decomposition on the catalyst surface unaccompanied and preventing the aerial decomposition is the Key of obtain pure CNTs. Furthermore, alloys have been proven to gain higher catalytic activity comparing with pure metals. Despite considering the Fe, Co, and Ni metals nanoparticles the effective catalyst for CNTs synthesis, other metals such as Cu, Au, Ag, Pd, and pt as well were discovered to be catalysts for CNTs growth from a variety of hydrocarbons. Therefore, this is unlocked field of research to utilize different CNTs technique with variety hydrocarbons by adjusting temperature and pressure. 2.2. Hydrocarbons decomposition and Thermodynamics In order to understand the reaction in the CCVD, the main aspect which should be taken in our consideration is thermodynamics. The reaction fulfill to the creation of solid carbon nanotubes have be thermodynamically usefulness under the selected temperature and pressure conditions. Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is the key for extraction this information. In the term of the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons ΔG depends on the reactivity of the hydrocarbon for example; whereas methane’s decomposition is thermodynamically preferable above 600 Â °C because it is the most stable hydrocarbon molecule, ΔG for ethylene, acetylene or benzene is already negative at 200 Â °C figure 3a). The expert found that CNTs are frequently synthesized by CCVD using methane precursor at temperature of above 850 Â °C due to the slow reaction rate, while CVD synthesis of CNTs using acetylene is often carried out at temperature of 500-750 Â °C and for ethylene is 650-850 Â °C. [ , , , ] High quality of SWCNTs is usually utilized by CO decomposition over metal nanoparticles, but this reaction is thermodynamically limited above 600 Â °C. Therefore, the reaction required high pressure about (10-30 bar) to substitute the equilibrium for growing feasible yields of SWCNTs. [ , , ] Magrez et al. established possibility of growing high quality of MWCNTs when added stoichiometric amounts of CO2 and C2H2 by CCVD at 400 Â °C[ ]. The solid carbon formation happens by oxidative dehydrogenation of acetylene as a substitute of dehydrogenation or pyrolysis. Thermodynamically, the reaction of CO2 addition is favorable. While numerous reaction paths are feasible, the solid carbon formation accompanying with CO and H2 is favored. It is quite clear now also possible to accomplish the attained knowledge to discover reaction conditions which gives the greatest solid carbon formation to obtain highest CNTs yield. Figure 3. Thermodynamic data calculated with the ChemKin database. a) Gibbs free energies of formation for various carbon precursors. The energies are normalized to the number of carbon atoms in the precursor and correspond to its pyrolysis. b) Gibbs free energies of typical reactions: CO disproportionation, water gas shift, oxidative dehydrogenation of acetylene, and pyrolysis of ethanol. The energies are normalized to the number of solid carbon atoms. 2.3. Carbon Precursor for Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition The carbon precursor plays an important role in the growth, characteristics and properties of CNTs, because of their own binding energy, type and role of reactive groups and thermodynamic properties. Concerning gaseous carbon precursors, the CNTs growth efficiency depends strongly on the concentration and reactivity of gas phase intermediates produced simultaneously with reactive radical species as a result of hydrocarbon pyrolysis. Therefore, it is expected that the most capable intermediates, which have the ability of physisorption or chemisorption on the catalyst surface to initiate CNTs growth, suppose to be produced in the gas phase. A comparison of produced CNT characterizations showed that there is a relationship between chemical structures of hydrocarbons and the CNTs formation [5,7,17,49,62,64,74–77]. Hernadi et al. [49] affirmed that unsaturated hydrocarbons have much higher yield and deposition rate than saturated gases. Besides, saturated hydrocarbon gases manage t o produce highly graphitized filaments with fewer walls compared to unsaturated gases. Consequently, they suggested that saturated hydrocarbons are favored for SWCNTs growth and unsaturated hydrocarbons for MWCNTs. However, SWCNTs have been obtained from a highly diluted unsaturated hydrocarbon [10,19,23,38,40,47,75,76,78,79]. The growth of clean SWCNTs was observed at relatively low temperatures using alcohols with various catalysts [19,25,30,64,81–85]. The authors concluded that alcohols are much better carbon sources for SWNTs than hydrocarbons and this is likely due to the ability attributed to OH radicals to etch away amorphous carbon deposits. General experiences show that low temperature CVD about 600–900Â °C grow MWCNTs, while high temperature at 900–1200Â °C reaction favors utilizing SWCNTs. The results indicate that SWCNTs have a higher energy of formation due to small diameter and high curvature which tolerate the high strain energy. Therefore, SWCNTs grow from only selected hydrocarbons such as carbon monoxide, and methane which have an equitable stability at higher temperature, whereas common effective precursor for MWCNTs such as acetylene, benzene, and xylene are unstable at higher temperature which lead to deposit a large quantity of amorphous carbon. Hata et al. synthesized a highly efficient of impurity-free SWCNTs by water assisted ethylene on substrate in CVD method (Hata et al., 2004). It was reported that controllable rate of steam into the CVD reactor operated as mild oxidizer leads to selective remove of amorphous carbon without harmful the CNTs growth. Controlling relative rate of ethylene and water steam was essential to minimize catalyst’s poison. These studies ascertain prove that carbon precursors play an important part in CNTs growth. Thus, by accurate selection of carbon precursor and water vapor rate, not only the catalyst’s lifetime but also CNTs growth could be crucially maximized and therefore both quality and yield of CNTs could be improved. Hydrocarbons such as carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, and xylene are typically the most commonly used CNT precursors. Among the essentially experiences of synthesis CNTs by CVD technique are that MWCNTs ware grown from the decomposition of benzene at 1100Â °C [] and acetylene at 700Â °C []. Both of these reports were used iron nanoparticles as the catalyst. As well as, MWCNTs were also grown from many other hydrocarbon precursors including cyclohexane [] and fullerene []. As well as, MWNTs were utilized from supercritical toluene at 600 Â °C and using ferrocene as growth catalysts, the toluene serves not only as the carbon source for nanotube formation but also as the solvent. On the other hand, synthesis of high purity SWCNTs at low temperature was reported when Fe-Co supported on zeolite utilized as a catalyst in alcoholic CVD and since then, ethanol consider as the most common universal CNTs precursor in the CVD method. Particular aspect of ethanol for growing CNTs with nearly free from amorphous carbon due to the effect of OH radical which operate as the mild oxidizer. Afterward, vertically aligned SWCNTs were grown as well on Mo-Co supported on coated silicon substrate. Lately, the articles have been shown discontinuous supply rates of acetylene to ethanol CVD apparently assists ethanol to increase the catalytic activity and therefore enhances the CNTs growth rate. Apart from the well-defined chemical reagents described above, CNTs have also been successfully and systematically synthesized from domestic fuels such as kerosene (Pradhan et al., 2002), liquefied petroleum gas (Qian et al., 2002) and coal gas (Qiu et al., 2006).

To His Coy Mistress :: essays research papers

Seduction has been the game most played through out the centuries, as males attempt to convince and invite females into their beds. In Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress" and Donne's "The Flea", the speakers, propose a peccadilloes offer, which is so cunningly backed up by a liberalistic argument and is presented to each female when the generous request has been declined. These arguments are designed to induce thoughts of a carnal nature. The persuasions used by each are completely different but are structured entirely for one purpose. To corner or trick the maiden into saying "Yes". Though both arguements are supurb, Marvell's has a nicer, refined style to it. In "To His Coy Mistress" and "The Flea", there is an exemplification of just how crafty men can be during the hunt. The speakers, in both poems, makes a "modest" but declinable offer for sex to their maiden of choice. And, upon rejection, each male begins a fluent yet rh etoric arguments on why the maiden should accept his simple offer of passion. For Marvell, the argument was that there wasn't enough time left in the world, and that the maiden should partake in indulgence before it is too late." But at my back I always hear/ Times winged Charriot hurrying near"(lines 21-22). He also states the unpleasuarble thought of the worms enjoying her verginity instead of him. Suggesting that if she continues to waste time she will die a virgin. "then Worms shall try/ that long preserv'd Virginity:"(lines 27-28). Whereas Donne's argument revolves around a metaphorical flea. Which as claimed by the speaker, represents his union with the maiden in matrimony, since the flea has taken blood from them both."It suck'd me first and now sucks thee/And in this flea our two bloods mingled be"(lines 3-4). And, since their bloods have already mingled together, intercourse with him wouldn't be a sin and no honor would be lost if she yields to him."Though know'st that this cannot be said/A sin nor shame nor loss of maidenhood:" (lines 5-6) Though however similar the gist of the poems might be, the art of seduction used by each speaker is quite different. The speaker in "To His Coy Mistress" seems to change his tone of persuasion rapidly from stanza to stanza. At first he is sweet, comming across as a gentleman and overstating how many ages he would spent on a single part of her anatomy "A hundred years should go to praise/Thine Eyes.

City or Countryside

In my opinion, one has not experienced life until one has lived in the city. There is so much to see and experience in the bright lights of the city that you cannot get in the countryside. Here in the city, you can learn about how to get along with people of different types, encounter varied situations and solve problems. All these help a person to grow in maturity. After all, experience is the best teacher. In the countryside, however, you only move around people you are used to. So, you seldom encounter strangers or new and demanding situations.Life is more mundane and routine-like. Staying in a secure, safe place does not allow for one to gain new experiences and grow in maturity. Furthermore, young people need a life that is exciting and pleasurable. It is the city that offers you entertainment- cinemas, parks and eating places. Here you can hang out with friends and family members. Life as fast-paced and this keeps you active and alert all times. And when it comes to educational opportunities, the city abounds in this. There are good school and libraries that are necessary for your mental development.Furthermore, there are places like museums and educational centres where you can go, to increase your knowledge. Such places that offer you entertainment or learning opportunities are of course not available in the countryside. For entertainment, there is only the occasional festive celebration or marriage feast or fishing outing. Some may find this appealing but not me. Moreover, opportunities to widen your knowledge are limited in the countryside. Another point in support of living in the city is the available of jobs.In the city, you can find a job that suits your qualification or interest. If you find a job unsuitable, you can always move to another. This, naturally, increases your earning power and you have better chances of a more comfortable life. Of course, one may argue that one can live in the countryside and work in the city but this will only incur extra expenses and unnecessary inconveniences. Thus, for all the reasons mentioned above, I think that life in the city is better than living in the countryside. After all, you are young only once.

The Significance of Emilia in Othello Essay - 879 Words

The Significance and Dramatic Purposes of Emilia In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†, Emilia is considered one of the minor characters. She is the wife of Iago and the lady in waiting to Desdemona. Emilia makes a crucial contribution to the play as a whole. She contributes to the characterization of a couple of key characters and adds to the dramatic irony of the play. She plays an essential role in the escalation of the dramatic action. She also adds to some of the themes of the play. Emilia contributes to the characterization of both Iago and Desdemona. Emilia enters the play in Act II, Scene i when she and the party arrive in Cyprus. Iago speaks to her rudely and treats her disparagingly in front of the others; â€Å"Come on, come on! You are†¦show more content†¦These two instances when Emilia calls out the evil doer (not realizing she is actually referring to her husband) also builds on the dramatic tension that is ultimately released when Emilia tells the truth and exposes her husband in Act 5, scene ii. E milia contributes greatly to the dramatic action of the play. In the rising action she unwittingly gives her husband the very object that will seal Desdemona’s fate. The handkerchief she hands to Iago becomes the material evidence that convinces Othello of Desdemona’s guilt. There are a couple of opportunities where Emilia is in a position to alter the tragic outcome. In Act III, scene iv Desdemona asks Emilia if she know where she lost her handkerchief. Emilia states, â€Å" I know not, madam.† (III.iv.23). Again, later in the scene Emilia misses another opportunity to foil Iago’s plan. Emilia sees how upset Othello gets about Desdemona not being able to produce the handkerchief yet she does not come forth. Instead, she blames it on men and marriage; â€Å" Tis not a year or two shows us a man. They are all but stomachs, and we all but food†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III.iv.103-104). She does not see the connection between the jealous husband and the handkerchief. This dramatic device of having the character being naà ¯ve to information about which the audience is aware builds tension. The audience knows of Iago’s plan to use the handkerchiefShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Othello1603 Words   |  7 PagesMAJOR WORKS REVIEW GENERAL 1. Title - Othello 2. Author - William Shakespeare 3. Date of Original Publication - 1622 4. Novel Type - Play STRUCTURE 1. Point of View - Iago 2. Relationship to meaning: The reader sees things the way that Iago sees them. This gives the reader an inside look on Iago’s evil plans, which also leads to a better understanding of all of the other characters, but Iago especially. The reader sees how Iago manipulates so many of the characters, like Roderigo and MontanoRead MoreShakespeare s Othello - Role Of Women And Gender Representation1312 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Othello The role of women and gender representation in Othello challenged the male dominated society in that time period. Women in Shakespeare’s time were seen as being loyal and submissive to their husbands and not going against their husband’s judgment. Shakespeare developed complex and varied female characters in his plays, especially the women portrayed in Othello. In the play, Shakespeare introduces three female characters: Desdemona, Othello s wife, Emilia, Iago’s wife and mistressRead MoreEmili Othello 1162 Words   |  5 PagesEmilia’s Character in Othello Often within novels, plays or sorties, individuals are labeled to a certain category of character that fits an evident template. Emilia within Shakespeare’s Othello is unlike many of the other characters in that prospect as she is unique. Emilia has several different views and outlooks on the worldly matters, especially in comparison to say Desdemona or Othello whom respectively represent innocence and jealousy. The apparent fact that Emilia is married to Iago isRead MoreEssay about The Tragic Treatment of Women in Othello1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragic Treatment of Women in Othello In Shakespeares drama, Othello, there are many different relationships among the main characters. The way that Shakespeare portrays these relationships sets the stage for the pain and deceit that unfolds within the play. Relations between the men of the play, Othello, Roderigo, Iago, and Cassio, undoubtedly form the main theme. Furthermore, each of the men, except Roderigo, also has woman that stands behind and cares for him. But the manor in whichRead MoreJames Bond1736 Words   |  7 PagesMonday: read Act 2 of Othello answer the study questions for Act 1 (they start with # 11, I dont know why!) Well look at the Act 2 questions during class Art: draw 2 faces following the instructions on this webpage: http://www.wikihow.com/Draw-a-Face its a lot like the other website, but also a little different, so youll get some different ideas on how to do this. STUDY QUESTIONS FOR OTHELLO Act I, Scene1 11. In Act I, scene 1 why does Iago say he hates Othello? What are all theRead MoreTreachery and Betrayal in Othello1408 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s play, Othello, acts of treachery and betrayal have great dramatic significance. They greatly contribute to the theme that appearance does not always portray reality, and reality is not what one sees but more often what one does not see. The acts of treachery and betrayal in Othello help to develop this theme through character development. Such acts include: how Iago deceives Othello by being his friend and enemy at the same time. Othello betraying his wife’s love and trust. Emilia (Iago’s wife)Read MoreThe Significance of the Handkerchief in Othello by Shakespeare566 Words   |  3 Pagesis significant to the plot, mainly to Iagos manipulation of Othello and his convincing the latter of Desdemonas infidelity. Moreover, it sheds light over Iago, Desdemona, Othello and Emilias characters, and is thus important to characterisation. The symbolic significance attached to the handkerchief reveals Othellos social background, his treatment of Desdemona and the latters feelings towards her husband. Interestingly, Othello provides two sides of the story of how he got the handkerchiefRead MoreDesdemona’s Handkerchief in Othello Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play Othello, one of the main character’s Desdemona possesses the most essential symbol and object in the play, a handkerchief. The handkerchief appears in Act III of the play and is a particularly important part in the plot of the play. It helps weave the entire story together. 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